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For the first time since Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. replaced all the members of the vaccine committee, it is meeting in Atlanta.

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PolarPro QuartzLine ND filter: two-minute review

In photography, we often want more light. It’s why people seek out larger sensors and wider apertures in their cameras and lenses – in order to capture a greater amount of light in a shorter space of time. That’s brilliant if you want a fast shutter speed to freeze the action – but what if you want to use a slower shutter speed, in order to capture the motion blur of a car racing past or turn a raging river into a smooth, silky ribbon of blue?

Achieving a slow shutter speed, particular on a sunny day, can be tricky – which is where ND filters like the PolarPro QuartzLine range come in. Available in a wide range of strengths, these circular filters screw onto the front of a camera lens and reduce light transference without affecting color rendition. At least, that’s the idea.

PolarPro sent me four ND filters to test, all in 67mm thread size (they’re also available in 77mm and 82mm), in ND8, ND16, ND64 and ND1000 strengths. The ND8 filter drops light input and increases exposure time by three stops; the ND16 four stops; the ND64 six stops; and the ND1000 filter 10 stops. Obviously, having a set like this in your camera bag would be handy if you want to cover every eventuality – but it’ll be mighty expensive too.

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(Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)

Each filter comes with its own hinged hard carry case and microfiber cleaning cloth, emphasising their premium positioning. The cases are hard plastic, but have a fetching brushed metal finish and magnetic closure, and each is helpfully labelled with the thread size and ND value, to reduce the time it takes to pull out the right one from your bag.

The filters themselves are well crafted and beautifully solid, so it does at least feel like that money is going somewhere. Made of brass and aluminum (and with a distinctive brass-colored finish), they’re reassuring tough, with pleasingly chunky ridges that gave me plenty of grip whenever I was attaching or detaching them from my Panasonic Lumix GH6’s lens (I used a 62mm to 67mm step-up ring, also made by PolarPro, in order to do so).

The brass frame construction should keep the screw threads in good shape too, in theory – so these filters should be fitting smoothly for many, many years to come. I found them very easy to fit, but you’d expect that from new filters. They also feature front threads, allowing other filters and attachments to be fitted over them.

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(Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)

The glass, dubbed Cinema Series Glass by PolarPro, is made in Germany. A series of coatings purportedly eliminate color shift (any sort of color cast being added by the filter), and PolarPro also claims its ultra-low refractivity keeps the effects of the light passing through so minimal that it can fully resolve sensors with up to 400MP resolution. The coatings add anti-scratch, anti-oil and hydrophobic qualities too.

My Lumix GH6’s sensor is just 25.2MP, so doesn’t really help in putting the refractivity claims to the test, but in terms of color shift I can say I’m impressed. Even the most powerful filter of the four I was testing, the ND1000, doesn’t add much of visible color cast to images – but when closely comparing test shots without the filters to those with, there is a slight warm tint visible in the filtered images.

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This photo was shot as a control, with no ND filter attached (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)PolarPro QuartzLine ND color cast comparisonsImage 2 of 5

Sample photo using the ND8 filter. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 3 of 5

Sample photo using the ND16 filter. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 4 of 5

Sample photo using the ND64 filter. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 5 of 5

Sample photo using the ND1000 filter. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)

I wouldn’t call this a huge drawback, particularly as I think anyone spending this much money on ND filters probably has some experience in post-processing and editing photos. It’s nothing that can’t easily be fixed in Lightroom or similar, and most observers wouldn’t even notice it unless they were looking, but it’s definitely present.

Using the filters, I was able to capture long exposures (10 seconds or more) on bright, sunny days by the sea. These photos smoothed out the motion of the waves and made the surface of the water more transparent to give my images a much more dream-like quality. They would have been completely impossible to take without an ND filter, as too much light would have entered the camera and blown out the image.

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This long exposure turned crashing waves into silky, smooth ribbons of motion. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 2 of 6

Shot with no filter. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 3 of 6

Shot using the ND1000 filter and converted to black and white in Lightroom. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 4 of 6

A long, multi-second capture using the ND1000 filter smooths out the sea's surface and blurs the motion of a paddle boarder. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 5 of 6

A second seascape, shot with no filter. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Image 6 of 6

Here, the ND1000 filter was used to slow down the shutter speed for a multi-second capture. (Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)

I was also able to use the filters to aid my videography by helping me to shoot video with a wider aperture (i.e. for a shallow depth of field) or slower shutter speed (for more motion blur). I did find this a little more challenging at points, as it involved swapping between filters a little too often – and it’s times like that when a variable ND (or VND) filter feels invaluable. These allow you to adjust ND strength by twisting the filter, offering a much more immediate solution. I’m also currently reviewing PolarPro’s own PMVND Edition II filter with a 2-5 stop range, so look out for an in-depth review of that soon.

While PolarPro QuartzLine ND filters are certainly expensive, I was thoroughly impressed by their premium construction, glass quality and general usability, and wouldn’t hesitate to use them in my own landscape photography and videography.

PolarPro QuartzLine ND filter: price and availability

In the US, PolarPro QuartzLine ND filters cost the same price, regardless of their thread size and filter strength at the PolarPro store. Whether you pick 67mm, 77mm or 82mm threads, or the ND8, ND16, ND64, ND1000 or ND100K strengths, every filter costs $99.99. Simple and, in my opinion, good value for money – particularly given that you also get a hard storage case and cleaning cloth with each filter.

In other countries, the price can vary a lot more. In the UK, for instance, the filters seem very expensive in comparison to US pricing, and thread size and ND value seemingly have little bearing on the cost – i.e. at Amazon UK, the larger thread sizes are sometimes cheaper than the smaller ones, where logic would dictate the opposite. It’s a slightly confusing situation, with some retailers offering decent discounts while others charge the full whack.

Should I buy the PolarPro QuartzLine ND filter?

(Image credit: Future | Sam Kieldsen)Buy it if...

You want an ND filter that’ll last you many years
With its rugged construction, coated glass and included hard case, there’s no reason a QuartLine ND filter shouldn’t last you a lifetime of shooting.

You want minimal distortion and color cast
I experienced no obvious ghosting or other distortion when using the filters, and only a tiny shift in color. It’s got great optical quality.

Don't buy it if...

You want a flexible filter for ever-changing conditions
For video shooting especially, a variable ND filter that can be quickly adapted to different lighting conditions may make more sense.

You’re on a tight budget
These are premium filters and the price reflects that. If you’re a beginner or on a budget, pick up some cheaper filters first to make sure they’re something you’ll use in your photography.

How I tested the PolarPro QuartzLine ND filter

• One week of use
• Tested with photography and video capture
• Used with Panasonic Lumix GH6 camera

I tested these PolarPro QuartzLine ND filters over the course of a sunny summer's week by the sea in southern England – an ideal time and place to put this type of light-stopping filter through its paces. I tested four filters in the range, fitting them onto my Panasonic Lumix GH6 camera (with the help of a step-up ring) to capture both still photos and video, comparing the results against shots captured without the filter.

First reviewed June 2025

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Complex problems often demand simple answers. When we overcomplicate things, whether in life or business, we almost always end up worse off. Later, we look back and think: if only I’d kept it simple.

Cybersecurity is no different, though the source of that simplicity may lie in unexpected places.

With the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) now sounding the alarm on quantum-era threats and AI-powered malware, it’s clear the risks are evolving fast. These threats adapt, mutate and inject themselves into systems at alarming speed. It’s no wonder business leaders are extremely concerned about the risk of existing cyber strategies and deployed solutions being overwhelmed.

Outspending the problem isn’t working

A recent McKinsey report reveals that cybersecurity spending surged to $200 billion in 2024—up from $140 billion in 2020—yet breaches keep rising.

To confront these rising risks, organizations are doubling down on complex cybersecurity stacks, layering tools in the belief that more technology equals more protection.

But what if that logic is flawed? What if, instead of boosting your system resilience, complexity increases and hides your vulnerabilities? In truth, we’re stuck in a complexity trap.

Organizations are drowning in software solutions that promise the world but deliver confusion. Each new tool might address a specific threat vector, but the resulting patchwork of platforms often leads to fragmented visibility and hidden blind spots.

In short, we risk opening more doors that attackers can walk through.

By trying to guard against every threat, we become entangled in complexity and exposed to its consequences—creating a false sense of security in the process.

Simplicity solves complexity

When you strip back your cybersecurity layers and concentrate on a back-to-basics approach that’s founded on clarity, control and isolation, you achieve better protection than any complex software stack.

Now, this isn’t about throwing out digital defenses. It’s about recognising their limits and rethinking where real resilience comes from.

Software alone, no matter how smart, is still vulnerable to manipulation. And with AI supercharging attacks in real time—learning from failed breach attempts, mimicking user behavior and exploiting every crack in the system at an accelerating pace—this has never been truer.

That’s why physical isolation has stepped back into the conversation. It’s not just a legacy idea from a pre-cloud era; it’s the critical missing idea in modern cyber strategy.

The case for physical network isolation

Highly motivated threat actors and AI-powered malware have the ability to think and spread without human input. With devastating precision, it targets high-value assets, adapting mid-attack.

This calls for a defense that is unhackable by nature.

Hardware-based network isolation is exactly that. When systems are physically segmented—truly separated from the internet – remote infection becomes impossible. The key to modern deployment of this traditional airgap method lies in being able to control it, at will, on demand.

If malware can't make contact, it can't compromise. It’s that simple.

Even if a system is somehow breached, physical segmentation allows businesses to readily contain the threat. When you isolate systems from one another with hardware, not just firewalls or virtual LANs, you prevent lateral movement, stop data exfiltration and drastically reduce the blast radius of any attack.

This is especially critical for operational technology, critical infrastructure and sensitive research environments, where uptime is essential and downtime is catastrophic.

An overdue shift in thinking

The complexity trap is reflected in how we spend. According to industry research, 65% of cyber budgets now go to third-party tools and services, outpacing investment in in-house capability.

But security is not just a tech problem; it’s a strategic design challenge. Businesses today react to new threats by accumulating more tools. What’s needed instead is a clear, layered security plan that’s built with purpose, not patched together.

That begins with rethinking how much of your infrastructure truly needs to be online. In a hyperconnected world, we’ve defaulted to keeping everything on all the time.

But always-on equals always-vulnerable. If certain data or systems don’t require constant internet access, why expose them?

By selectively disconnecting key assets, at the right time, you can regain control of your business.

The future starts with hardware

Let’s be clear: this isn’t a step backward. It’s a step toward resilience. Software-based security remains essential. But as threats evolve, our defenses must too.

Layered protection that starts with hardware-based control is the only viable way forward. It combines the speed and scale of software with the unbreachable foundations of physical isolation.

Think of it like a bank vault. The digital defenses are the alarms, cameras and motion detectors. But the vault? That’s your hardware-based barrier. Even the smartest thief can’t crack it from a distance.

Protecting your systems isn’t just about keeping up with the latest threats. It’s about doing what works, what’s reliable and proven.

Because just like in life, the clearest answers are often the strongest ones.

And in cybersecurity, simplicity is the ultimate advantage.

We list the best endpoint protection software.

This article was produced as part of TechRadarPro's Expert Insights channel where we feature the best and brightest minds in the technology industry today. The views expressed here are those of the author and are not necessarily those of TechRadarPro or Future plc. If you are interested in contributing find out more here: https://www.techradar.com/news/submit-your-story-to-techradar-pro

• Over half of marketers say they can’t do their jobs without AI, despite poor results
• Budgets for AI keep rising, even though 81% of leaders say it's being wasted
• Marketers are stuck manually fixing AI output for days every week

Social media professionals have grown increasingly dependent on artificial intelligence, with new research finding more than half saying they now can’t imagine performing their roles without it.

A survey from Hootsuite claims this growing reliance is not matched by results despite heavy investments in AI technologies.

The firm's research reveals 88% of senior marketing leaders are encouraging their teams to use AI tools, yet 81% admit budgets are being wasted on tools not fit for purpose. 

Manual work persists despite automation promises

Delving deeper, Hootsuite found many marketers find themselves trapped in a time-consuming cycle of manual labor and subpar outcomes, revealing a deep disconnect between expectations and the actual utility of generative AI tools in marketing.

A significant proportion of social media managers still spend up to three full working days each week verifying AI-generated content and manually gathering insights from online platforms.

This lag not only drains staff time but also affects campaign performance.

As trends shift rapidly, marketers often find their content outdated by the time it is published, which may explain why over half of senior marketers feel their campaigns consistently underperform.

The financial implications are just as troubling. Budgets for AI tools continue to rise, yet for some, the wasted investment exceeds 20% of their entire marketing budget.

"This should be a wake up call to all marketers: traditional AI isn’t as sophisticated as you think it is," noted Irina Novoselsky, CEO at Hootsuite.

"With five billion people spending up to five hours a day online, social is one of the richest sources of real-time data sources available and yet, traditional AI tools still can’t harness it, leaving the insights marketers truly need hiding in plain sight."

(Image credit: NPowell/Flux)

With rising pressure from executive leadership to justify every expense, marketers are finding it increasingly difficult to defend investments in AI tools that fail to deliver tangible returns.

A critical weakness in current generative AI systems lies in their reliance on outdated datasets.

These tools often fail to capture the dynamic nature of real-time audience behavior, meaning that their insights may be out of sync with the present moment.

While 64% of senior leaders believe their AI tools offer real-time insights, only 39% of social media managers agree, a clear signal that confidence in AI’s real-world performance is uneven across organizational levels.

In response to these challenges, Hootsuite has introduced OwlyGPT, a generative AI assistant trained on live social data.

The company says, this tool delivers up-to-the-minute insights tailored to brand voice and cultural context.

Considering the issues with AI static data, this move appears promising, but it's good to approach it with some skepticism. After all, businesses have been led to believe in AI’s transformative power before, only to confront disappointing results.

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Trans people are major targets of the second Trump administration. But in a way, that's nothing new; trans people have been fighting for their rights, dignity, and liberation for generations. So on this episode, we hear from trans elders about what their lives have looked like over the decades, and what messages they have for young people.

From my vantage point, I see the legacy mainframe landscape as both a testament to decades of reliable operation and a critical juncture demanding strategic evolution. The global economy’s reliance on these systems is undeniable – they are the silent workhorses powering a significant majority of business transactions.

However, the accelerating pace of technological advancement, coupled with the realities of hardware lifecycles and a shifting talent pool, calls for a proactive and thoughtful approach to their eventual end-of-life. The question is no longer if we modernize, but how we navigate this complexity without disrupting the very core of operations.

Cost and complexity

A primary hurdle is the significant cost and inherent complexity of these transformations. Mainframe modernization isn't a simple tech refresh; it demands substantial investment, time, and meticulous planning. Decades of accumulated technical debt, often manifested as undocumented code and intricate dependencies, require a phased and strategic approach.

Carving the application portfolio into thin, business-aligned slices, is a great approach to deliver tangible value in shorter cycles. Prioritizing initiatives with clear and early ROI, such as migrating non-critical workloads, builds momentum and stakeholder confidence.

The shrinking pool of mainframe-skilled professionals presents another critical challenge. The reality is that the workforce with deep expertise in these legacy systems is nearing retirement, creating a potential knowledge vacuum. To mitigate this, we advise for codification of tribal knowledge.

This involves leveraging tools to harvest specifications from production logs and source code analytics, while also pairing retiring experts with cross-skilled engineers. Investing in upskilling programs that bridge the gap between COBOL literacy, modern cloud-native and observability skills is paramount to building a future-ready workforce capable of managing both legacy and target environments during transition.

Data migration

Migrating petabytes of critical, often poorly documented, business data and its embedded logic to modern platforms is a high-stakes challenge, with severe risks of data loss or corruption. A recommended strategy involves inverting data gravity: implement an API façade over shared datasets and incrementally replicate data to the target platform using event streaming, thereby minimizing disruption.

Employing anti-corruption layers ensures a clean decoupling of legacy systems, aligning migration with modern architectures while safeguarding core business processes. Another technique we support is behavior equivalence and leveraging data seams to integrate into the origin system while the architecture is going through its evolution.

Beyond the technical aspects, organizational misalignment is a frequent stumbling block. Modernization is a business transformation, not just an IT project, and one of the most reliable indicators of success is a courageous, well-supported leader who can steer the program through the inevitable stumbles and issues that arise. A clear business vision, tied to measurable outcomes like improved customer experience or reduced operational risk, is essential.

Culture of change

Fostering a culture of change through transparent communication, targeted training, and deliberate capability-building is crucial: the destination team must be fully trained and capable of operating a platform of this criticality and complexity, which goes far beyond a typical N-Tier architecture. Such preparation helps overcome internal resistance and ensures everyone understands, and can realize, long-term benefits.

Finally, integration and observability gaps can derail even the most well-intentioned modernization efforts. Legacy systems are often deeply embedded within the broader IT ecosystem, so updating core components can surface unforeseen integration challenges.

To counter this, we advocate for enhancing observability from day one, including baselining the performance of existing mainframe jobs and screen transactions; these metrics establish a benchmark to keep the modernized environment aligned with current service levels.

This early telemetry is paired with modern monitoring solutions and real-time dashboards that provide comprehensive insights into system behavior. Prioritizing API-first integration ensures seamless communication between legacy and new architectures, while automated testing at integration points minimizes disruption risk during the transition.

The advent of AI

Generative AI is accelerating mainframe modernization by offering powerful opportunities to analyze legacy systems and streamline transformations, delivering greater agility and resilience. This shift is mirrored by modernization spending moving from defensive capital expenditure to growth-focused operational expenditure.

Success in this evolving landscape hinges on disciplined execution, continuous measurement, and transparent communication, rather than merely relying on tools. Furthermore, enhanced cloud platforms now provide flexible and secure migration paths, significantly boosting the strategic importance of these efforts due to heightened regulatory scrutiny on operational resilience.

Here’s a modernization manifesto to bear in mind:

• Start with the business capability map, not the code tree. Technology serves the business.
• Prefer incremental stranglers over all-or-nothing migrations. Decommissioning legacy components is a tangible win.
• Automate everything twice – first to understand, then to transform. Leverage code scanners, synthetic data, and automated testing.
• Invest in people before platforms – empower cross-functional teams that own both the old and the new.
• Measure outcomes continuously and publicly – demonstrate the business value of modernization with clear KPIs.

In conclusion, mainframe end-of-life is not an event to be feared, but a strategic imperative to be navigated with diligence and foresight. It’s a long-term commitment to ensuring our critical value streams remain adaptable and resilient.

We list the best laptop for programming.

This article was produced as part of TechRadarPro's Expert Insights channel where we feature the best and brightest minds in the technology industry today. The views expressed here are those of the author and are not necessarily those of TechRadarPro or Future plc. If you are interested in contributing find out more here: https://www.techradar.com/news/submit-your-story-to-techradar-pro

It's the fourth mission to the International Space Station for Axiom Space. The Houston company works with SpaceX for rides to the station and coordinates with NASA to use the ISS for its astronauts.

(Image credit: John Raoux)

The Indonesian rescue team said it found Juliana Marins' body beside a crater using a thermal drone after four days of intensive searches complicated by extremely harsh terrain and weather.

(Image credit: BASARNAS)

PocketBook InkPad Eo review

My first thought as soon as I took the InkPad Eo out of its packaging was, “Ooh, that’s different.” It’s physically unlike any PocketBook device I’ve tried before, with a premium and hefty build that it’s borrowed from Bigme – made possible after the Chinese brand became a co-owner.

This was a good move as the metal-bound chassis feels nice to hold and, despite an 8MP rear camera, there’s no bump, so it lies completely flat on a table. However, the use of metal edges and the camera could be what’s made the InkPad Eo heavier (at 470g) than some of its competition, like the Onyx Boox Go 10.3 (375g), and uncomfortable to hold for long sessions. I've tested other 10-inch E Ink writing tablets and most of them are more comfortable to hold than the InkPad Eo.

Other than its design, there’s just a couple of other positives I appreciate about the PocketBook InkPad Eo. One is the adoption of the global handwriting feature – aka the ability to write on third-party apps – which is not always supported in other epaper note-taking tablets and could well sway some potential buyers. The other is the color palette – while not as well optimized as the Kobo Colour Libra's screen, book covers on the InkPad Eo look lovely in color. However, this has not quite translated to the ink colors when writing or drawing and those look far more washed out.

(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)

And that's where my positives for this device stop. While I commend the attempt at giving the Onyx Boox devices competition, the Eo is unable to hold its own in other areas.

For starters, it’s very easy to lose the stylus as it doesn’t secure magnetically to the side of the tablet itself. Moreover, the eraser on the top of the pen doesn’t quite behave as expected – it’s more a selector, and the erasing happens after you’ve selected something in the notes app. It’s not a massive lag, but I much prefer the way the Kindle Scribe’s Premium Pen or the Kobo Stylus 2 behaves – erasing as you move along the writing (or drawing), much like an actual pencil eraser would do. Even the reMarkable’s Marker and the Boox pens erase in real time.

The camera, despite being a nice touch, isn’t worth having at all. It doesn’t actually ‘scan’ a document as your phone might do – instead it takes a photo. And the quality of the image isn’t great either, much like the Onyx Boox Palma 2.

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(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)Image 2 of 2

(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)

The one thing you expect to do easily with any ereader is transfer files, but even that basic task was frustrating with the InkPad Eo. While there’s Dropbox support (and I’m not a user of this cloud service), there’s no cable transfer possible from a MacBook (I’m not a Windows user either). All possible solutions recommended by PocketBook that I found online to move ebooks to the library application didn’t work and I had to resort to using a microSD card instead. That worked well, along with allowing me to add custom fonts, and a restart enabled the latter easily enough. Even Boox devices don’t have Apple support, but it’s still a lot easier to transfer files without resorting to using a microSD card, and that's thanks to BooxDrop and Google Drive support.

It’s also not easy to check if a file import (in my case via the microSD card) has been successfully completed on the InkPad Eo. There’s no progress bar and the files don’t uncheck when the import is done. Strangely, there is a greyed-out Import button with a check mark, but it’s barely visible.

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(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)

Even ghosting is a massive issue. Nearly every app and every page turn results in a light overlay of the previous screen, which can get distracting after a while because you keep expecting it to happen. And that’s despite PocketBook adopting the multiple refresh rate options that Boox devices also have, and yet the latter does it better. I found that the best refresh rate setting to successfully minimize ghosting on the Inkpad Eo is the Regal option, but the only way to select that is to choose Custom Mode, otherwise it’s greyed out. It’s a simple thing and should be available as one of the default options.

The InkPad Eo is the first epaper writing tablet from PocketBook that I’ve tested, but the user interface was instantly familiar. It’s like a love child of reMarkable and Boox, inheriting more from the latter. And, of course, that means the Eo struggles with similar issues that I’ve previously complained about with Boox. The interface is clunky and not very streamlined, with important submenus tucked away when they should be easier to access.

I’m also not too chuffed about a tablet released in April 2025 running Android 11. That’s outdated now and, even though I don’t expect security to be an issue on a device like an E Ink note-taking tablet, surely it’s time to move on – even Boox has adopted Android 13.

(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)

There are a whole lot of other little bugs which can be fixed via a firmware update, but are, at present, rather annoying. For example, tapping on the Home icon doesn’t take you to a home screen at all – it just refreshes the screen you’re already on or takes you to the home page of the app you were using.

Another example is that even though PocketBook has thought about adding a Night and Bedtime frontlight setting, they’re both very bright by default and require manual adjusting anyway. So having those presets was of no use, at least to me who prefers dim screen light when reading at night.

Long story short, PocketBook needs to do better. The InkPad Eo has the makings of a good epaper writing tablet but, as it is now, it’s hard to recommend when there are other brands that do a far superior job at the same or lower price.

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(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)PocketBook InkPad Eo review: specs

Display type:

E Ink Kaleido 3

Screen size:

10.3 inches

Screen resolution:

300ppi grayscale; 150ppi color

Processor:

Mediatek MT8768 (octa core 2.3GHz)

Frontlight:

Yes (SMARTlight)

Storage:

64GB (expandable via microSD)

Battery:

4,000mAh

Speaker:

Yes (stereo)

Water protection:

None

Software:

Android 11

Connectivity:

USB-C, Wi-Fi (dual band), Bluetooth 5.0

File support:

14 document, 3 image, 2 audio

Dimensions:

226 х 191 х 7 mm

Weight:

470g

PocketBook InkPad Eo review: price & availability

• Announced March 2025
• Available now in North America and Europe from authorized sellers
• List price: $550 / £449 (about AU$850)

The PocketBook InkPad Eo was announced at the end of March 2025 and has been available to buy in select markets from third-party sellers since April. With a price tag of $550 / £449 (about AU$850), it’s an expensive E Ink note-taking tablet, but then so is the Bigme InkNoteX from which it takes its cues, as are other color 10-inch E Ink writing tablets.

For example, the reMarkable Paper Pro will set you back $579 / £559 / AU$929 at the very least. For that kind of money, you’re getting a much better device too – an e-paper screen that displays color better and a very streamlined, minimal user interface. That said, it’s not the best for using as an ereader as well – its sole purpose is to be a writing tablet.

While we haven’t tested the Boox Note Air4 C, we’ve liked the previous generations and, for a color e-note taker of the same size as the InkPad Eo, with the same screen tech and very similar UX, it could be the better buy at $529.99 / AU$874 (ships to the UK via the EU warehouse for about £465).

At the time of writing, the InkPad Eo isn’t being listed at too many US stores, although Amazon has it listed for $579. It seems to be well stocked in the UK, though, although prices vary a little. For example, Amazon UK has it down for £504.26, but Currys lists it for £499. Laptops Direct is the only UK retailer stocking it for £449 at the time of writing.

PocketBook devices aren’t officially available in Australia, but imports are listed on Amazon AU and eBay, but at high markups.

Should I buy the PocketBook InkPad Eo?Buy it if...

Global handwriting is an important feature you need

Not all epaper writing tablets support handwriting in third-party apps. In fact, it's pretty rare. But PocketBook has enabled it on the InkPad Eo, which gives it a major edge over the competition.

You're a PocketBook or Bigme loyalist

There's no denying that PocketBook or Bigme fans will appreciate this tablet – it's well made and inherts Bigme's global handwriting feature. For everyone else, it might be worth looking elsewhere for an alternative.

Don't buy it if...

You don't have the patience to deal with bugs

There's a heck of a lot that's not executed well with the PocketBook InkPad Eo, and it's more than just bugs. If things like ghosting and a clunky interface are going to annoy you, you're better off spending your money elsewhere.

You want value for money

For what it offers, the InkPad Eo is expensive. You'll find far more value for money by opting for a similar tablet from another brand. And if it's an Android one you're after, the Boox devices should be top of your list.

Also consider

Onyx Boox Go 10.3

It looks lovely and it's arguably the thinnest and lightest 10-inch E Ink writing tablet I've used. It doesn't have a color display, but its feature packed and runs Android 12. It's my pick for being the best E Ink writing tablet as its more versatile than the reMarkable 2.
Read my in-depth Onyx Boox Go 10.3 review for more information.

reMarkable Paper Pro

If money is no object and you want a color epaper writing tablet, there's none better than the reMarkable Paper Pro. Instead of using the standard E Ink Kaleido 3 screen tech, it uses a customized version of the Gallery 3 display, so colors are more saturated in comparison. And as a reMarkable, it's a creator's tablet through and through.
Read our full reMarkable Paper Pro review to learn more.

How I tested the PocketBook InkPad Eo

• Used every day for three weeks as ereader and note taker
• Downloaded a few Android apps, including Kindle and Kobo for reading
• Listened to some audiobooks and music files to test speaker quality

(Image credit: Sharmishta Sarkar / TechRadar)

I've tested about 30 ereaders in the last eight years, so I've developed a routine when I begin a new review. First, I connect to Wi-Fi to set up the device, then immediately see if I can transfer some ebooks and comic files for testing. And if it's a note-taking tablet like the PocketBook InkPad Eo, I start a new notebook called Scribbles where I test writing, drawing and handwriting recognition.

I did all this for the InkPad Eo, then also signed into the Google Play Store to download some other apps, including some benchmarking ones as I'm always curious to see how the processor performs.

I spent about 30 hours over a period of three weeks reading ebooks, and took all my work-related notes on the InkPad Eo. This gave me plenty of experience with the workings of the tablet. I also tried out the rear camera a few times, plus tested all the refresh rate options and various settings.

Given my experience with different brands of ereaders and E Ink writing tablets, I was able to compare the InkPad Eo as objectively as possible with the competition from Onyx Boox, Kindle, Kobo and reMarkable.

Read more about how we test

[First reviewed June 2025]

Here are the answers for The New York Times Mini Crossword for June 25.

The character-driven miniseries features solid performances from Dominique Thorne, Anthony Ramos, Lyric Ross and Alden Ehrenreich.

Slight spoilers follow for Ironheart.

Ironheart is an underdog in every sense of the word.

Despite man-of-the-moment Ryan Coogler's involvement, the final TV show of the Marvel Phase 5 era was mostly written off well ahead of release; few other live-action Marvel TV projects have faced an uphill battle to convince Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) devotees and casual fans alike to watch it.

Write off Coogler, the comic giant, and the series' titular hero at your peril, though, because Ironheart is an impressive Disney+ TV Original that largely hits its marks. Yes, it falls into the perennial traps that other small-screen MCU projects have, but after watching all six episodes I was pleasantly surprised by its style, energy, and emotionally impactful story that explores themes around family and flawed heroes.

Tech check

Ironheart reintroduces us to Riri Williams, who made her MCU debut in Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (Image credit: Marvel Studios/Disney+)

Set days after Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, i.e., the MCU movie in which Riri Williams (Dominique Thorne) made her live-action debut in, Ironheart opens with the eponymous character returning to her hometown of Chicago. The reason? She's kicked out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for selling completed assignments to other students to fund development of her Iron Man-inspired super-suit.

Financially broke and suit-less – after the self-made prototype suit, which she steals from MIT, malfunctions on the flight home – Riri soon crosses paths with Parker Robbins/The Hood (Anthony Ramos). The mysterious, magical cloak-wearing leader of a street gang, Robbins preys on Riri's ambition to build a new, souped-up suit by saying he'll fund her creation in exchange for helping his crew conduct heists.

Ironheart occasionally paints Riri as an anti-hero in the vein of Breaking Bad's Walter White

Central to Ironheart's story is the internal struggle Riri continually wrestles with. At her core, she's a good person – indeed, due to a deeply traumatic event that occurred years prior, Riri wants to "revolutionize safety" by creating a suit that can be used by first responders and other emergency services personnel.

After she's kicked out of MIT, Riri builds a new suit at her Chicago-based childhood home (Image credit: Marvel Studios/Disney+)

It's that philanthropic nature, among other things, that draws parallels with a certain Tony Stark, whose ghost looms large over yet another MCU project. However, given their comic book ties – Stark is a long-time mentor of Riri's in Marvel literature – Stark's posthumous influence is more valid here than in prior MCU productions, even if the namedropping is occasionally incessant.

That said, while Riri wants to build on Stark's legacy and make something "iconic", her unwavering ambition and Stark-sized ego occasionally paints her as an anti-hero in the vein of Breaking Bad's Walter White or, in more familiar MCU terms, Frank Castle/The Punisher and Loki. Riri's a more complicated and naïve hero than we're used to seeing, and that make the decisions she makes, and the consequences spawned by her actions, all the more fascinating.

Fight off your demons

Ironheart does a much better job of examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic attacks than Iron Man 3 did (Image credit: Marvel Studios/Disney+)

The dichotomy at the heart of Riri's story is further heightened by the moral complexities and grief born out of the loss of her stepdad Gary (LaRoyce Hawkins) and best friend Natalie (Lyric Ross) in a random act of gun violence.

This excruciatingly painful event is not just a driving force behind Riri's ambition to make the world a safer place, but also a moment she refuses to confront. Such a deep-seated mental and emotional scar is a breeding ground for PTSD and panic attacks, which here are handled with greater precision, creative flair, and sensitivity than Stark's post-Avengers mental health problems were in Iron Man 3.

In Thorne, Ironheart has a talented lead with the swagger, emotional nuance, and comedic timing – despite its melodrama, occasional toe dips into horror, and suspense-filled Ant-Man-like heisting, Ironheart is a surprisingly funny show – to bring all aspects of its protagonist to life, too.

Thorne has the swagger, emotional nuance, and comedic timing to bring all aspects of Ironheart's protagonist to life

She's not the sole bright spot among Ironheart's cast of characters.

The scene-stealing Ross, who plays Natalie in flashbacks and also portrays N.A.T.A.L.I.E – an AI construct like Iron Man's J.A.R.V.I.S. and F.R.I.D.A.Y, and Black Panther's Griot, who Riri inadvertently creates – helps to bring a playful and squabbling relatability to the dynamic Riri shares with both characters. The pair's natural rapport is evident from the outset and, while the way in which N.A.T.A.L.I.E helps to strip away Riri's metaphorical armor to allow the latter to process her grief is a little on the nose thematically, it's a 'bestie' dynamic that's full of real heart.

Dancing with the devil

Anthony Ramos' Parker Robbins/The Hood is Ironheart's primary antagonist (Image credit: Marvel Studios/Disney+)

Ross, Riri's concerned and warm-hearted mom Ronnie Williams (Anji White) and Natalie's brother Xavier (Matthew Elam) notwithstanding, Thorne shares the most screentime with Ramos' The Hood, whose introduction is not only novel in its execution, but also happens very early on.

Some Marvel TV shows are guilty of prolonging their narrative setup, but Ironheart gets to the crux of its primary plot within the first 30 minutes of its premiere. That might seem quick, but I can fully get behind a story that tackles its meatier content sooner rather than later – and which still maintains an air of mystery despite its fast-paced nature.

Ironheart follows in most MCU TV series' footsteps by rushing through its finale

This doesn't mean Ironheart's narrative structure is consistent in its quality. Some episodes feel hurried and, by proxy, don't spend enough time reflecting on character choices or fleshing out certain plot threads. It also follows in most MCU TV series' footsteps by rushing through its finale that, spoilers notwithstanding, sets up a possible sequel season and teases wider implications for the MCU via the arrival of a character MCU fans have waited years for.

Some MCU fans think they know who Alden Ehrenreich is really playing in Ironheart (Image credit: Marvel Studios/Disney+)

Ironheart has a semi-regular issue with its villains, too. Fans were full of praise for Ramos' take on The Hood when the show's first full clip was released online, but he feels a little underdeveloped in Ironheart's first half. It's not until the series' second three-episode batch that he's fully realized as a menacing antagonist through his powerset, and positioned as a sympathetic villain via his backstory. In certain lighting, his magic-infused cloak is a tad garish, too, but I suspect that's intentional.

Joe McGillicuddy (Alden Ehrenreich) falls into a similar category. A fascinating mix of bumbling and unhinged with his own tragic past, Joe bonds with Riri over their shared technical expertise and grief until their budding camaraderie is shattered by events midway through Ironheart's six-episode run. The fallout creates another conflicted antagonist for Riri to deal with but, while Ehrenreich does a fantastic job of capturing Joe's betrayal of trust and emotional turbulence, his evolution from timid ally to complicated foe happens too quickly for my liking.

Ironheart satisfyingly blurs the lines between the magic versus technology-led storyline we've been sold

Still, Joe's transformation, along with Riri's magic-based suit upgrade and other references to the MCU's mystical elements (there are as many ties to Doctor Strange as there are to Iron Man here), satisfyingly blur the lines between the magic-versus-technology storyline we've been sold. Yes, Ironheart pits these diametrically opposed forces against each other, but also acts as a collision point where they can come together and create something wholly unique for the MCU.

What's more common is the at-times clunky and stifled dialog, which some fans pointed out in Ironheart's first trailer and isn't aided by hard cuts between specific scenes, particularly in early episodes.

It's also another Marvel production that refuses to explain certain things with enough intent. Sure, the MCU is a franchise where superpowered beings run riot and parallel universes exist among other things, but I don't think I'm asking for much by wanting a bit more story exposition, especially for viewers who haven't seen Black Panther 2. I guess my Wakanda Forever ending explainer will have to do!

My verdict

Ironheart exceeded my expectations with its smaller-scale, family-oriented, street-level-style narrative that reminded me of Hawkeye, Ms Marvel, and Daredevil: Born Again, all of which I similarly enjoyed. I feared the worst when Marvel confirmed Ironheart's unusual release schedule, but its two-part release format lends itself well to the story it tells.

It isn't the best Marvel TV Original, but I suspect Ironheart will prove a lot of people wrong. It'll be a tough ask to win round anyone who's already dismissed it but, if it does so through mine and other critics' reviews, plus positive word of mouth, then Coogler, showrunner Chinaka Hodge, and the rest of its chief creative team might have built something iconic for Riri Williams after all.

Ironheart episodes 1 to 3 are out now on Disney+. Read my Ironheart release schedule article to see when its final three episodes will be released.

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